Exposição: WMF PRESERVING MODERN ARCHITECTURE

WORLD MONUMENTS FUND EXHIBITION ON PRESERVING MODERN ARCHITECTURE

Cities and towns across America routinely demolish their modern architecture, without giving the buildings a chance to be preserved and adaptively restored.

Why this happens, and what we can do to save 50 years of modernist architecture, is addressed in Modernism at Risk: Modern Solutions for Saving Modern Landmarks, a traveling exhibition organized by the World Monuments Fund (WMF) and sponsored by Knoll, Inc. Opening on February 17 at the Center for Architecture, 536 LaGuardia Place, the exhibition will be on view there through May 1, 2010.

A project of WMF's Modernism at Risk program (http://www.wmf.org/advocacy/modernism), the exhibition features large-scale photographs by noted photographer Andrew Moore and interpretative panels on five case studies that explore the role designers and other advocacy groups play in preserving modern landmarks.

"For decades the World Monuments Fund has worked to save heritage sites around the globe, from early settlements to 20th-century architecture," said Bonnie Burnham, WMF President. "While modern buildings face the same physical threats as ancient structures, they are too often overlooked as insignificant, not important enough to preserve. We launched our Modernism at Risk initiative to advocate for these often ignored buildings and to address their special needs. And, through this traveling exhibition, we hope to draw many more advocates to our cause. We are especially pleased that it is now here in New York, at the Center for Architecture, where we hope hundreds of people will see the show and add their voices to ours on the importance of preserving our modern heritage."

(...)

"Architecture isn't just about building new buildings," said AIANY President Anthony Schirripa, FAIA, "It's also about celebrating our architectural history. Preserving modernist landmarks should be a goal not only for the design community, but for all communities that want to celebrate the diversity and richness of modern architecture in their midst. I hope this exhibition will begin a dialogue amongst New Yorkers about how, and why, modernism matters, and that it inspires us to each contribute in our own way to the World Monuments Fund's valuable mission of saving these extraordinary buildings."

The Center for Architecture

The Center for Architecture is a destination for all interested in the built environment. It is home to the American Institute of Architects New York Chapter and the Center for Architecture Foundation, vibrant nonprofit organizations that provide resources to both the public and building industry professionals. Through exhibitions, programs, and special events, the Center aims to improve the quality and sustainability of the built environment, foster exchange between the design, construction, and real estate communities, and encourage collaborations across the city and globe. The Center also celebrates New York's vibrant architecture, explores its urban fabric, shares community resources, and provides opportunities for scholarship. As the city's leading cultural institution focusing on architecture, the Center drives positive change through the power of design.

Foto: Museu Guggenheim, restaurado em 2009 por ocasião dos 50 anos.

THE CARBON COUNTER: Times Square billboard counts Carbon build up

National debt used to be the big number we all lived in fear of. Now it's greenhouse gases.

Climate change is likely to have all sorts of nasty consequences over the next century—among them, according to a brand-new report from the U.S. Global Change Research program, an increase in torrential downpours in the American northeast.

So it was uncomfortably fitting that a major climate-consciousness-raising event took place in just such a downpour. As reporters and dignitaries huddled under leaky tents just outside New York's Madison Square Garden on Thursday, Deutche Bank switched on its mammoth Carbon Counter billboard. The counter, towering 70 feet above busy Seventh Avenue and dramatically visible to hundreds of thousands of commuters who take the train to and from Penn Station, displays a real-time count of heat-trapping greenhouse gases we're pumping into the atmosphere—about 2 billion metric tons every month, added to the 3.6 trillion tons already floating around up there.

How do they know it's 2 billion tons? Actually, they know it isn't. Although carbon dioxide is by far the most significant human-generated greenhouse gas, it isn't the only one. Methane, generated by ruminating cows and rice paddies is another; nitrous oxide, created in making fertilizer, is another; so are halocarbons, used as refrigerants. If you really want to know about how much heat we're trapping, you have to take these into account too—and that's what Deutche Bank and its scientific advisers from MIT wanted to do.

It's complicated, though. For one thing, each of these gases traps heat at a different rate (OK, they really trap infrared radiation, but it ends up amounting to the same thing). Methane, for example, is a much more efficient energy-trapper than CO2; it's just that we emit a lot less of it. Each of these gases, moreover, degrades in the atmosphere at a different speed. That means you can't just add them up. "It's like you give someone a hundred dollars," says MIT atmospheric scientist Ron Prinn, "but it's a mix of Australian and Canadian and U.S. dollars. "You have to make some conversions before you know what it's worth." For the Carbon Counter, those conversions run into many pages of equations, at the end of which you get a number representing the "CO2 equivalent" of 20 different gases. Add them up, and you're at 2 billion tons monthly.

That's a big number, certainly, but what exactly does it mean? Most popular accounts of climate change don't talk about tons; they talk about parts-per-million—the number of CO2 or other molecules you'd find in a million molecules of atmosphere. CO2 was at about 280ppm back in 1700; it's now at 386 and rising. For perspective, climate scientists believe that if CO2 rises to 450ppm or so, the global average temperature could rise as much as 2 degrees Celsius, with serious consequences (and heavy rainstorms are hardly the worst).

But if you factor in the other greenhouse gases, we're already at 450, or pretty close to it. That being the case, you'd think we'd already be seeing dramatically rising seas and severe weather changes. There are two reasons why we aren't. First, it takes a while for heat to build up once the gases are up there. Second, and more important, the Carbon Counter doesn't take aerosols into account. These are tiny particles of soot, sulfur dioxide and other pollutants spewed into the air along with greenhouse gases. "The problem with these," says Bill Chameides, dean of Duke University's Nicholas School of the Environment, "is that some aerosols tend to cool the planet, some tend to warm it, and some interact with clouds in ways we don't understand."

That's the good news. The bad news is that aerosols cause their own problems— lung disease and acid rain, just to name a couple. Presumably, we'll be trying to limit those emissions in the future, which will leave the greenhouse gases to do their thing without interference.

By leaving some factors out, the Carbon Counter is by definition somewhat inaccurate. But since most of us don't know what 3.6 trillion tons of carbon or carbon-equivalent or whatever actually means, it hardly matters. It's a big number, and it's getting bigger, fast. Deutche Bank and the MIT folks hope that seeing these huge numbers scroll by on a giant billboard will make people more aware of what we're doing to the planet, just as billboards with the U.S. national debt try to raise awareness about another scary number.

Given how much people pay attention to the debt, though, let's hope this one is more effective.

In NEWSWEEK, 19 de Junho de 2009

http://www.newsweek.com/id/202757?from=rss

Foto: O novo «carbon billboard» instalado em Times Square, Nova Iorque.

Nota: Vamos sugerir ao Presidente da CML, e ao Vereador do Ambiente, que instale semelhante painel em frente, por exemplo, da sede do ACP. Ou, em alteranativa, em vez da tela de publicidade da Renova no ROSSIO.

Licenciamento de obras em Nova Iorque

Porque razão em Portugal não se divulgam publicamente todos os dados referentes a pedidos de licenciamento de obras? Um cidadão português não pode consultar o projecto de uma nova construção enquanto este estiver em apreciação numa Câmara. Porquê tanto secretismo? Para piorar a situação, muitas vezes o «AVISO», que é afixado no local da futura obra, nem sequer é preenchido! Em Nova Iorque (na imagem) é obrigatorio por lei afixar no local todos os detalhes da operação urbanística que se pretende efectuar, desde o nome e contactos do proprietário até à discrimininação exaustiva da intervenção para a qual se pediu licenciamento. E não se pense que isto é uma particularidade da Democracia dos EUA. Em Londres é exactamente o mesmo. Se um proprietário quer mudar a caixilharia de uma janela, terá de afixar igualmente no local todos os documentos oficiais que entregou nas autoridades municipais (incluindo o nome e contacto telefónico do proprietário). Em alguns países, e para novas construções, é também obrigatório a divulgação de imagens, previamente e no local, dos projectos em apreciação. Exemplos de Transparência, Participação, enfim, BOAS PRÁTICAS ainda em falta no nosso país. Não é pois de admirar os problemas urbanísticos que cada vez mais caracterizam a nossa paisagem. O actual sistema alimenta a corrupção.